initial commit

.cargo/config

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[build]
+target = "x86_64-unknown-none"
+
+[unstable]
+build-std = ["core", "compiler_builtins"]

Cargo.lock

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+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 3
+
+[[package]]
+name = "operating-system"
+version = "0.1.0"

Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[package]
+name = "operating-system"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[profile.dev]
+panic = "abort"
+
+[profile.release]
+panic = "abort"

Makefile

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+.PHONY: all clean
+
+all: cargo-build compile-bootloader copy-bootloader objcopy-elf-file build-os-image
+
+build-os-image:
+		dd if=target/x86_64-unknown-none/release/bootloader.bin conv=notrunc of=os-image bs=512
+		dd if=target/x86_64-unknown-none/release/operating-system.bin conv=notrunc of=os-image bs=512 seek=1
+
+compile-bootloader:
+		nasm -f bin bootloader/bootloader.asm -o bootloader/bootloader.bin
+
+objcopy-elf-file:
+		objcopy -O binary target/x86_64-unknown-none/release/operating-system.elf target/x86_64-unknown-none/release/operating-system.bin
+
+copy-bootloader:
+		cp bootloader/bootloader.bin target/x86_64-unknown-none/release/bootloader.bin
+
+cargo-build:
+		cargo rustc --release --target x86_64-unknown-none.json
+
+run: all
+		qemu-system-x86_64 -drive format=raw,file=os-image -serial mon:stdio -s
+
+clean:
+		cargo clean
+		rm -f os-image bootloader/bootloader.bin

bootloader/bootloader.asm

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+[BITS 16]
+[org 0x7c00]
+
+mov [BOOT_DEVICE], dl
+
+; setup stack
+mov bp, 0x9000
+mov sp, bp
+
+; Set video mode (640 x 480 @ 16 colors)
+mov ah, 0x00
+mov al, 0x12
+int 0x10
+
+call load_kernel
+call switch_to_32bit
+
+load_kernel:
+		mov bx, 0x1000        ; Destination address
+		mov dh, 2             ; Sector number
+		mov dl, [BOOT_DEVICE] ; Drive Number
+
+		mov al, dh
+		mov ch, 0x00 ; Cylinder number
+		mov cl, 0x02 ; Start from sector 2, sector 1 is our bootloader
+		mov ah, 0x02 ; Set read mode 
+		mov dh, 0x00
+
+		int 0x13
+		ret
+
+gdtp:
+		dw gdt_end - gdt_start - 1
+		dw gdt_start
+
+gdt_start:
+		dq 0x0
+gdt_code_segment:
+		dw 0xFFFF         ; Limit (16-bit) (set to 0xFFFF for maximum)
+		dw 0x0            ; Base (16-bit)
+		db 0x0            ; Base (8-bit)
+		db 10011010b      ; Access flags
+		db 11001111b      ; Granularity flags (set to 0xCF for 4 KB granularity)
+		db 0x0            ; Segment bits
+gdt_data_segment:
+		dw 0xFFFF         ; Limit (16-bit) (set to 0xFFFF for maximum)
+		dw 0x0            ; Base (16-bit)
+		db 0x0            ; Base (8-bit)
+		db 10010010b      ; Access flags
+		db 11001111b      ; Granularity flags (set to 0xCF for 4 KB granularity)
+		db 0x0            ; Segment bits
+gdt_end:
+
+GDT_CODE_SEG_ADDR equ gdt_code_segment - gdt_start
+GDT_DATA_SEG_ADDR equ gdt_data_segment - gdt_start
+
+switch_to_32bit:
+		; Disable interrupts and setup gdt 
+		cli
+		lgdt [gdtp]
+
+		; Set PE (Protection Enable) bit in CR0
+		mov eax, cr0
+		or eax, 0x01
+		mov cr0, eax
+		jmp GDT_CODE_SEG_ADDR:init_32bit
+
+[BITS 32]
+init_32bit:
+		mov ax, GDT_DATA_SEG_ADDR
+    mov ds, ax
+    mov es, ax
+    mov fs, ax
+    mov gs, ax
+    mov ss, ax
+
+		mov ebp, 0x90000
+		mov esp, ebp
+
+		call init_kernel
+
+init_kernel:
+		call 0x1000
+		jmp $
+
+BOOT_DEVICE db 0x00
+
+times 510 - ($ - $$) db 0 ; make sure file is 510 bytes in size
+dw 0xAA55                 ; write boot signature

linker.ld

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+/* We want the symbol _start to be our entry point */
+ENTRY(_start)
+ 
+SECTIONS
+{
+  . = 0xFFFFF;
+
+  .text : {
+      *(.text)
+  }
+ 
+	/* Read-only data. */
+	.rodata : {
+		*(.rodata)
+	}
+ 
+	/* Read-write data (initialized) */
+	.data : {
+		*(.data)
+	}
+ 
+	/* Read-write data (uninitialized) and stack */
+	.bss : {
+		*(COMMON)
+		*(.bss)
+	}
+ 
+}

src/drivers/mod.rs

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+pub mod serial;
+pub mod vga;

src/drivers/serial.rs

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+use crate::libs::io::{inb, outb};
+
+pub static PORT: u16 = 0x3f8;
+
+pub fn init_serial() -> u8 {
+	outb(PORT + 1, 0x00);
+	outb(PORT + 3, 0x80);
+	outb(PORT + 0, 0x03);
+	outb(PORT + 1, 0x00);
+	outb(PORT + 3, 0x03);
+	outb(PORT + 2, 0xC7);
+	outb(PORT + 4, 0x0B);
+	outb(PORT + 4, 0x1E);
+	outb(PORT + 0, 0xAE);
+
+  // Check if serial is faulty
+  if inb(PORT + 0) != 0xAE {
+      return 1;
+  }
+	
+  // Set serial in normal operation mode
+  outb(PORT + 4, 0x0F);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+fn is_transmit_empty() -> bool {
+	return (inb(PORT + 5) & 0x20) != 0x20;
+}
+
+pub fn write_serial(a: u8) {
+		while is_transmit_empty() {}
+    outb(PORT, a);
+}

src/drivers/vga.rs

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+use crate::libs::io::{inb, outb};
+
+static VGA_AC_INDEX: u16 = 0x3C0;
+static VGA_AC_WRITE: u16 = 0x3C0;
+static VGA_AC_READ: u16 = 0x3C1;
+static VGA_MISC_WRITE: u16 = 0x3C2;
+static VGA_SEQ_INDEX: u16 =	0x3C4;
+static VGA_SEQ_DATA: u16 = 0x3C5;
+static VGA_DAC_READ_INDEX: u16 = 0x3C7;
+static VGA_DAC_WRITE_INDEX: u16 =	0x3C8;
+static VGA_DAC_DATA: u16 = 0x3C9;
+static VGA_MISC_READ: u16 = 0x3CC;
+static VGA_GC_INDEX: u16 = 0x3CE;
+static VGA_GC_DATA: u16 = 0x3CF;
+/*			COLOR emulation		MONO emulation */
+static VGA_CRTC_INDEX: u16 = 0x3D4;		/* 0x3B4 */
+static VGA_CRTC_DATA: u16 =	0x3D5;		/* 0x3B5 */
+static VGA_INSTAT_READ: u16 =	0x3DA;
+
+static VGA_NUM_SEQ_REGS: u16 = 5;
+static VGA_NUM_CRTC_REGS: u16 = 25;
+static VGA_NUM_GC_REGS: u16 = 9;
+static VGA_NUM_AC_REGS: u16 = 21;
+static VGA_NUM_REGS: u16 = 1 + VGA_NUM_SEQ_REGS + VGA_NUM_CRTC_REGS + VGA_NUM_GC_REGS + VGA_NUM_AC_REGS;
+
+const VGA_BUFFER: *mut u8 = 0xA0000 as *mut u8;
+
+pub fn init_vga() {
+	// Set the registers for mode 12h
+	let mut registers_720x480x16 = [
+		/* MISC */
+			0xE7,
+		/* SEQ */
+			0x03, 0x01, 0x08, 0x00, 0x06,
+		/* CRTC */
+			0x6B, 0x59, 0x5A, 0x82, 0x60, 0x8D, 0x0B, 0x3E,
+			0x00, 0x40, 0x06, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+			0xEA, 0x0C, 0xDF, 0x2D, 0x08, 0xE8, 0x05, 0xE3,
+			0xFF,
+		/* GC */
+			0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x05, 0x0F,
+			0xFF,
+		/* AC */
+			0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+			0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F,
+			0x01, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00,
+		];
+
+		write_regs(&mut registers_720x480x16);
+
+		for x in 0..2 {
+			put_pixel(x, 0, 9);
+		}
+}
+
+fn put_pixel(mut pos_x: usize, pos_y: usize, vga_color: u8) {
+	unsafe {
+			let width_in_bytes = 720 / 8;
+
+			let offset = width_in_bytes * pos_y + pos_x / 8;
+			pos_x = (pos_x & 7) * 1;
+			let mask: u8 = 0x80 >> pos_x;
+			let mut pmask: u8 = 1;
+
+			for plane in 0..4 {
+				set_plane(plane);
+				if pmask & vga_color != 0 {
+					*VGA_BUFFER.offset(offset as isize) = *VGA_BUFFER.offset(offset as isize) | mask;
+				} else {
+					*VGA_BUFFER.offset(offset as isize) = *VGA_BUFFER.offset(offset as isize) & !mask;
+				}
+				pmask <<= 1;
+			}
+	}
+}
+
+fn set_plane(plane: u8) {
+	let plane = plane & 3;
+	let pmask = 1 << plane;
+
+	/* set read plane */
+	outb(VGA_GC_INDEX, 4);
+	outb(VGA_GC_DATA, plane);
+	
+	/* set write plane */
+	outb(VGA_SEQ_INDEX, 2);
+	outb(VGA_SEQ_DATA, pmask);
+}
+
+fn write_regs(mut regs: &mut [u8]) {
+	/* write MISCELLANEOUS reg */
+	outb(VGA_MISC_WRITE, regs[0]);
+	regs = &mut regs[1..];
+
+	/* write SEQUENCER regs */
+	for i in 0..VGA_NUM_SEQ_REGS {
+		outb(VGA_SEQ_INDEX, i as u8);
+		outb(VGA_SEQ_DATA, regs[0]);
+		regs = &mut regs[1..];
+	}
+
+	/* unlock CRTC registers */
+	outb(VGA_CRTC_INDEX, 0x03);
+	outb(VGA_CRTC_DATA, inb(VGA_CRTC_DATA) | 0x80);
+	outb(VGA_CRTC_INDEX, 0x11);
+	outb(VGA_CRTC_DATA, inb(VGA_CRTC_DATA) & !0x80);
+
+	/* make sure they remain unlocked */
+	regs[0x03] |= 0x80;
+	regs[0x11] &= !0x80;
+
+	/* write CRTC regs */
+	for i in 0..VGA_NUM_CRTC_REGS {
+		outb(VGA_CRTC_INDEX, i as u8);
+		outb(VGA_CRTC_DATA, regs[0]);
+		regs = &mut regs[1..];
+	}
+
+	/* write GRAPHICS CONTROLLER regs */
+	for i in 0..VGA_NUM_GC_REGS {
+		outb(VGA_GC_INDEX, i as u8);
+		outb(VGA_GC_DATA, regs[0]);
+		regs = &mut regs[1..];
+	}
+
+	/* write ATTRIBUTE CONTROLLER regs */
+	for i in 0..VGA_NUM_AC_REGS {
+		// inb(VGA_INSTAT_READ);
+		outb(VGA_AC_INDEX, i as u8);
+		outb(VGA_AC_WRITE, regs[0]);
+		regs = &mut regs[1..];
+	}
+
+	/* lock 16-color palette and unblank display */
+	inb(VGA_INSTAT_READ);
+	outb(VGA_AC_INDEX, 0x20);
+}

src/libs/io.rs

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+use core::arch::asm;
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn outb(port: u16, value: u8) {
+	unsafe {
+		asm!(
+			"out dx, al", 
+			in("dx") port,
+			in("al") value,  
+			options(preserves_flags, nomem, nostack)
+		);
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn inb(port: u16) -> u8 {
+	let mut value: u8;
+	unsafe {
+		asm!(
+			"in al, dx", 
+			out("al") value, 
+			in("dx") port, 
+			options(preserves_flags, nomem, nostack)
+		);
+	}
+	return value;
+}

src/libs/mod.rs

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+pub mod io;

src/main.rs

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+#![no_std]
+#![no_main]
+
+mod drivers;
+mod libs;
+
+use drivers::{serial, vga};
+use libs::io;
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn _start() -> ! {
+	serial::init_serial();
+
+	// let crash_message = b"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA"; 
+	// let garbage_message = b"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA";
+	let message = b"A";
+
+	for (_i, &byte) in message.iter().enumerate() {
+		serial::write_serial(byte);
+	}
+
+	vga::init_vga();
+
+	loop {}
+}
+
+
+#[panic_handler]
+fn panic (_info: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
+	loop {}
+}

x86_64-unknown-none.json

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+{
+  "llvm-target": "x86_64-unknown-none",
+  "data-layout": "e-m:e-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128",
+  "arch": "x86_64",
+  "target-endian": "little",
+  "target-pointer-width": "64",
+  "target-c-int-width": "32",
+  "os": "none",
+  "executables": true,
+  "linker-flavor": "ld.lld",
+  "linker": "rust-lld",
+  "panic-strategy": "abort",
+  "disable-redzone": true,
+  "features": "-mmx,-sse,+soft-float",
+  "dynamic-linking": false,
+  "relocation-model": "pic",
+  "code-model": "kernel",
+  "exe-suffix": ".elf",
+  "has-rpath": false,
+  "no-default-libraries": true,
+  "position-independent-executables": false,
+  "pre-link-args": {
+    "ld.lld": ["--script=linker.ld"]
+  }
+}