feat: complete admin invite and user creation and recovery flows

Dockerfile

@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ COPY --from=build /app/drizzle/migrations /app/drizzle/migrations
 # Copy entrypoint script
 COPY --from=build /app/scripts/start.ts /app/scripts/start.ts
 
+# Copy the account recovery script (bun run recover <email>)
+COPY --from=build /app/scripts/recover.ts /app/scripts/recover.ts
+
 # Copy package.json and lockfile for production dependency install
 COPY --from=build /app/package.json /app/package.json
 COPY --from=build /app/bun.lock* ./

app/components/Dialog/CreateUser.vue

@@ -1,46 +1,36 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
-const MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH = 8;
-const GENERATED_PASSWORD_LENGTH = 16;
-// no look-alikes (0/O, 1/l/I), this gets read out or typed by hand
-const PASSWORD_ALPHABET = 'abcdefghijkmnpqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ23456789';
-
 const emit = defineEmits(['confirm', 'cancel']);
 
-const { client: authClient } = useAuth();
-
 const form = reactive({
     name: '',
     email: '',
-    password: '',
 });
 
 const busy = ref(false);
 const error = ref('');
 
+// set once the account exists, the dialog then shows its setup link
+const link = ref('');
+const copied = ref(false);
+
 const nameInputEl = ref<HTMLInputElement | null>(null);
 
 onMounted(() => {
     nameInputEl.value?.focus();
 });
 
-const ready = computed(() =>
+const ready = computed(() => form.name.trim() !== '' && form.email.trim() !== '');
-    form.name.trim() !== '' && form.email.trim() !== '' && form.password.length >= MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH);
 
-const generatePassword = () => {
+const copyLink = async () => {
-    // values past the last full run of the alphabet are skipped, so every
+    try {
-    // character stays equally likely
+        await navigator.clipboard.writeText(link.value);
-    const limit = 256 - (256 % PASSWORD_ALPHABET.length);
+        copied.value = true;
-    let password = '';
+        setTimeout(() => {
-
+            copied.value = false;
-    while (password.length < GENERATED_PASSWORD_LENGTH) {
+        }, 2000);
-        for (const value of crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(GENERATED_PASSWORD_LENGTH))) {
+    } catch (err) {
-            if (value >= limit || password.length === GENERATED_PASSWORD_LENGTH) continue;
+        console.error('Failed to copy setup link:', err);
-
-            password += PASSWORD_ALPHABET[value % PASSWORD_ALPHABET.length];
-        }
     }
-
-    form.password = password;
 };
 
 const submit = async () => {
@@ -49,17 +39,20 @@ const submit = async () => {
     busy.value = true;
     error.value = '';
 
-    const { error: createError } = await authClient.admin.createUser({
+    try {
-        name: form.name.trim(),
+        const { token } = await $fetch<{ token: string }>('/api/admin/users', {
-        email: form.email.trim(),
+            method: 'POST',
-        password: form.password,
+            body: {
-        role: 'user',
+                name: form.name.trim(),
-    });
+                email: form.email.trim(),
+            },
+        });
 
-    busy.value = false;
+        link.value = `${window.location.origin}/auth/recover/${token}`;
+    } catch (err: any) {
+        busy.value = false;
 
-    if (createError) {
+        switch (err?.data?.data?.code as string | undefined) {
-        switch (createError.code) {
             case 'USER_ALREADY_EXISTS':
             case 'USER_ALREADY_EXISTS_USE_ANOTHER_EMAIL':
                 error.value = 'An account with this email already exists.';
@@ -67,14 +60,11 @@ const submit = async () => {
             case 'INVALID_EMAIL':
                 error.value = 'That email address is not valid.';
                 break;
-            case 'PASSWORD_TOO_SHORT':
+            case 'INVALID_BODY':
-                error.value = `The password needs at least ${MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH} characters.`;
+                error.value = 'Check the name and the email address.';
-                break;
-            case 'PASSWORD_TOO_LONG':
-                error.value = 'That password is too long.';
                 break;
             default:
-                console.error('Failed to create user:', createError);
+                console.error('Failed to create user:', err);
                 error.value = 'The account could not be created. Try again.';
                 break;
         }
@@ -82,7 +72,7 @@ const submit = async () => {
         return;
     }
 
-    emit('confirm', true);
+    busy.value = false;
 };
 </script>
 
@@ -90,66 +80,80 @@ const submit = async () => {
     <form class="flex flex-col gap-4.5 p-6 w-screen md:w-130 max-w-full h-full md:h-auto overflow-y-auto"
         aria-labelledby="create-user-title" @submit.prevent="submit">
         <header class="flex flex-col gap-1">
-            <h2 id="create-user-title" class="text-lg font-semibold">Create user</h2>
+            <h2 id="create-user-title" class="text-lg font-semibold">
+                {{ link ? 'Account created' : 'Create user' }}
+            </h2>
             <p class="text-sm text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
-                Creates the account right away. Nothing is sent to them, so pass the password on yourself.
+                {{ link
+                    ? `Send ${form.name.trim()} this link. They open it, choose a password and are in.`
+                    : 'Creates the account without a password. You get a link for them to choose their own, so you never know it.' }}
             </p>
         </header>
 
-        <div class="flex flex-col gap-1.5">
+        <template v-if="link">
-            <label for="create-user-name"
+            <div class="flex flex-col gap-1.5">
-                class="text-[13px] font-medium uppercase tracking-wider text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+                <label for="create-user-link"
-                Name
+                    class="text-[13px] font-medium uppercase tracking-wider text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
-            </label>
+                    Setup link
-            <input id="create-user-name" ref="nameInputEl" v-model="form.name" type="text" required maxlength="128"
+                </label>
-                :disabled="busy" autocomplete="off"
+                <div class="flex items-center rounded-md bg-[var(--bg-container)]">
-                class="w-full h-9 px-2.5 text-sm rounded-md bg-[var(--bg-container)]" />
+                    <input id="create-user-link" type="text" readonly :value="link"
-        </div>
+                        @focus="($event.target as HTMLInputElement).select()"
-
+                        class="flex-1 min-w-0 h-9 px-2.5 text-[13px] font-mono bg-transparent outline-none" />
-        <div class="flex flex-col gap-1.5">
+                    <button type="button" :aria-label="copied ? 'Copied' : 'Copy setup link'" @click="copyLink"
-            <label for="create-user-email"
+                        class="flex items-center justify-center w-9 h-9 flex-shrink-0 text-[var(--text-secondary)] @hover:text-[var(--text-primary)]">
-                class="text-[13px] font-medium uppercase tracking-wider text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+                        <span class="text-4.5" :class="copied ? 'i-mynaui-check' : 'i-mynaui-copy'"></span>
-                Email
+                    </button>
-            </label>
+                </div>
-            <input id="create-user-email" v-model="form.email" type="email" required :disabled="busy"
+                <span class="text-xs leading-normal text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
-                autocomplete="off" class="w-full h-9 px-2.5 text-sm rounded-md bg-[var(--bg-container)]" />
+                    Works once. Expires in 7 days. Shown only now; if it gets lost, make a new one from the
-        </div>
+                    user's menu. Nobody can sign in to the account until it is used.
-
+                </span>
-        <div class="flex flex-col gap-1.5">
-            <label for="create-user-password"
-                class="text-[13px] font-medium uppercase tracking-wider text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
-                Temporary password
-            </label>
-            <div class="flex gap-2">
-                <!-- shown in the clear, the admin has to read it to pass it on -->
-                <input id="create-user-password" v-model="form.password" type="text" required
-                    :minlength="MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH" maxlength="128" :disabled="busy" autocomplete="off"
-                    autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"
-                    class="flex-1 min-w-0 h-9 px-2.5 text-sm font-mono rounded-md bg-[var(--bg-container)]" />
-                <button type="button" :disabled="busy" @click="generatePassword"
-                    class="flex items-center h-9 px-3 text-sm rounded-md border border-[var(--color-border)] text-[var(--text-secondary)] @hover:bg-[var(--color-hover)] disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed transition-[background-color] duration-200">
-                    Generate
-                </button>
             </div>
-            <p class="text-xs leading-normal text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
-                At least {{ MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH }} characters. They can change it under Settings → Security
-                after signing in.
-            </p>
-        </div>
 
-        <p v-if="error" role="alert" class="text-sm text-red-400">{{ error }}</p>
+            <footer class="flex justify-end mt-auto">
+                <button type="button"
+                    class="flex items-center h-10 px-4 rounded-md font-semibold bg-[var(--color-accent)] text-[var(--color-accent-text)]"
+                    @click="emit('confirm', true)">
+                    Done
+                </button>
+            </footer>
+        </template>
 
-        <footer class="flex justify-between gap-2 mt-auto">
+        <template v-else>
-            <button type="button" :disabled="busy"
+            <div class="flex flex-col gap-1.5">
-                class="flex items-center h-10 px-4 rounded-md border border-[var(--color-border)] text-[var(--text-secondary)] @hover:bg-[var(--color-hover)] disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed transition-[background-color] duration-200"
+                <label for="create-user-name"
-                @click="emit('cancel')">
+                    class="text-[13px] font-medium uppercase tracking-wider text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
-                Cancel
+                    Name
-            </button>
+                </label>
-            <button type="submit" :disabled="busy || !ready"
+                <input id="create-user-name" ref="nameInputEl" v-model="form.name" type="text" required
-                class="flex items-center gap-2 h-10 px-4 rounded-md font-semibold bg-[var(--color-accent)] text-[var(--color-accent-text)] disabled:opacity-40 disabled:cursor-not-allowed">
+                    maxlength="128" :disabled="busy" autocomplete="off"
-                <span v-if="busy" class="i-svg-spinners-180-ring-with-bg text-4"></span>
+                    class="w-full h-9 px-2.5 text-sm rounded-md bg-[var(--bg-container)]" />
-                Create user
+            </div>
-            </button>
+
-        </footer>
+            <div class="flex flex-col gap-1.5">
+                <label for="create-user-email"
+                    class="text-[13px] font-medium uppercase tracking-wider text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+                    Email
+                </label>
+                <input id="create-user-email" v-model="form.email" type="email" required :disabled="busy"
+                    autocomplete="off" class="w-full h-9 px-2.5 text-sm rounded-md bg-[var(--bg-container)]" />
+            </div>
+
+            <p v-if="error" role="alert" class="text-sm text-red-400">{{ error }}</p>
+
+            <footer class="flex justify-between gap-2 mt-auto">
+                <button type="button" :disabled="busy"
+                    class="flex items-center h-10 px-4 rounded-md border border-[var(--color-border)] text-[var(--text-secondary)] @hover:bg-[var(--color-hover)] disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed transition-[background-color] duration-200"
+                    @click="emit('cancel')">
+                    Cancel
+                </button>
+                <button type="submit" :disabled="busy || !ready"
+                    class="flex items-center gap-2 h-10 px-4 rounded-md font-semibold bg-[var(--color-accent)] text-[var(--color-accent-text)] disabled:opacity-40 disabled:cursor-not-allowed">
+                    <span v-if="busy" class="i-svg-spinners-180-ring-with-bg text-4"></span>
+                    Create user
+                </button>
+            </footer>
+        </template>
     </form>
 </template>

app/components/Dialog/RecoverAccount.vue

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+const props = defineProps<{
+    user: {
+        id: string;
+        name: string;
+        email: string;
+        image?: string | null;
+        twoFactorEnabled?: boolean;
+        // has no password yet, so this makes a setup link and nothing is lost
+        pending?: boolean;
+    };
+}>();
+
+const emit = defineEmits(['confirm', 'cancel']);
+
+// also turn two-factor off and sign every device out when the link is used
+const resetSecurity = ref(true);
+
+const busy = ref(false);
+const error = ref('');
+
+// set once the link exists, the dialog then shows it instead of the options
+const link = ref('');
+const copied = ref(false);
+const revoked = ref(false);
+
+const copyLink = async () => {
+    try {
+        await navigator.clipboard.writeText(link.value);
+        copied.value = true;
+        setTimeout(() => {
+            copied.value = false;
+        }, 2000);
+    } catch (err) {
+        console.error('Failed to copy recovery link:', err);
+    }
+};
+
+const create = async () => {
+    if (busy.value) return;
+
+    busy.value = true;
+    error.value = '';
+
+    try {
+        const { token } = await $fetch<{ token: string }>(`/api/admin/users/${props.user.id}/recovery`, {
+            method: 'POST',
+            body: { resetSecurity: resetSecurity.value },
+        });
+
+        link.value = `${window.location.origin}/auth/recover/${token}`;
+    } catch (err) {
+        console.error('Failed to create recovery link:', err);
+        error.value = 'The recovery link could not be created. Try again.';
+    }
+
+    busy.value = false;
+};
+
+const revoke = async () => {
+    if (busy.value) return;
+
+    busy.value = true;
+    error.value = '';
+
+    try {
+        await $fetch(`/api/admin/users/${props.user.id}/recovery`, { method: 'DELETE' });
+        link.value = '';
+        revoked.value = true;
+    } catch (err) {
+        console.error('Failed to revoke recovery link:', err);
+        error.value = 'The link could not be revoked. Try again.';
+    }
+
+    busy.value = false;
+};
+</script>
+
+<template>
+    <form class="flex flex-col gap-4.5 p-6 w-screen md:w-130 max-w-full h-full md:h-auto overflow-y-auto"
+        aria-labelledby="recover-account-title" @submit.prevent="create">
+        <header class="flex items-center gap-3">
+            <UserAvatar :user="user" class="w-10 h-10 rounded-lg"></UserAvatar>
+            <div class="flex flex-col min-w-0">
+                <h2 id="recover-account-title" class="text-lg font-semibold">
+                    {{ user.pending ? 'Account setup link' : 'Recover account' }}
+                </h2>
+                <p class="text-sm text-[var(--text-secondary)] overflow-hidden text-ellipsis whitespace-nowrap">
+                    {{ user.name }} · {{ user.email }}
+                </p>
+            </div>
+        </header>
+
+        <p v-if="user.pending && !link" class="text-sm leading-normal text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+            This account has no password yet. A new link lets them choose one, and replaces the link they
+            were given before.
+        </p>
+
+        <div v-if="!user.pending" role="note" class="flex gap-2.5 px-3 py-2.5 rounded-lg border border-red-400/40 bg-red-600/12 text-sm leading-normal">
+            <span class="i-tabler-alert-triangle text-4.5 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0 text-red-400" aria-hidden="true"></span>
+            <div class="flex flex-col gap-0.5">
+                <strong class="font-semibold">This deletes their saved API keys</strong>
+                <span class="text-[13px] text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+                    The keys are encrypted with the old password and nobody can decrypt them without it. They
+                    are removed when the link is used, not when it is created. Chats, agents and files are
+                    kept.
+                </span>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <template v-if="link">
+            <div class="flex flex-col gap-1.5">
+                <label for="recover-account-link"
+                    class="text-[13px] font-medium uppercase tracking-wider text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+                    {{ user.pending ? 'Setup link' : 'Recovery link' }}
+                </label>
+                <div class="flex items-center rounded-md bg-[var(--bg-container)]">
+                    <input id="recover-account-link" type="text" readonly :value="link"
+                        @focus="($event.target as HTMLInputElement).select()"
+                        class="flex-1 min-w-0 h-9 px-2.5 text-[13px] font-mono bg-transparent outline-none" />
+                    <button type="button" :aria-label="copied ? 'Copied' : 'Copy recovery link'" @click="copyLink"
+                        class="flex items-center justify-center w-9 h-9 flex-shrink-0 text-[var(--text-secondary)] @hover:text-[var(--text-primary)]">
+                        <span class="text-4.5" :class="copied ? 'i-mynaui-check' : 'i-mynaui-copy'"></span>
+                    </button>
+                </div>
+                <span class="text-xs leading-normal text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+                    Works once. Expires in {{ user.pending ? '7 days' : '24 hours' }}. Shown only now; closing
+                    this dialog hides it for good.
+                    Send it to them yourself, over a channel you trust.
+                </span>
+            </div>
+        </template>
+
+        <template v-else>
+            <label v-if="!user.pending" class="flex items-start gap-2.5 text-sm cursor-pointer">
+                <input v-model="resetSecurity" type="checkbox" :disabled="busy" class="mt-0.75 flex-shrink-0"
+                    style="accent-color: var(--color-accent)" />
+                <span>Also reset two-factor and sign out all their sessions</span>
+            </label>
+
+            <p v-if="revoked" role="status" class="text-sm text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+                The link was revoked and no longer works.
+            </p>
+        </template>
+
+        <p v-if="error" role="alert" class="text-sm text-red-400">{{ error }}</p>
+
+        <footer class="flex justify-between gap-2 mt-auto">
+            <template v-if="link">
+                <button type="button" :disabled="busy" @click="revoke"
+                    class="flex items-center h-10 px-4 rounded-md border border-[var(--color-border)] text-red-400 @hover:bg-[var(--color-hover)] disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed transition-[background-color] duration-200">
+                    Revoke link
+                </button>
+                <button type="button"
+                    class="flex items-center h-10 px-4 rounded-md font-semibold bg-[var(--color-accent)] text-[var(--color-accent-text)]"
+                    @click="emit('confirm', true)">
+                    Done
+                </button>
+            </template>
+            <template v-else>
+                <button type="button" :disabled="busy"
+                    class="flex items-center h-10 px-4 rounded-md border border-[var(--color-border)] text-[var(--text-secondary)] @hover:bg-[var(--color-hover)] disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed transition-[background-color] duration-200"
+                    @click="emit('cancel')">
+                    {{ revoked ? 'Close' : 'Cancel' }}
+                </button>
+                <button type="submit" :disabled="busy"
+                    class="flex items-center gap-2 h-10 px-4 rounded-md font-semibold bg-[var(--color-accent)] text-[var(--color-accent-text)] disabled:opacity-40 disabled:cursor-not-allowed">
+                    <span v-if="busy" class="i-svg-spinners-180-ring-with-bg text-4"></span>
+                    {{ user.pending ? 'Create setup link' : 'Create recovery link' }}
+                </button>
+            </template>
+        </footer>
+    </form>
+</template>

app/components/Dialog/index.vue

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import DeleteAccount from './DeleteAccount.vue';
 import Confirm from './Confirm.vue';
 import CreateUser from './CreateUser.vue';
 import CreateInvite from './CreateInvite.vue';
+import RecoverAccount from './RecoverAccount.vue';
 
 import { DialogType } from '~/composables/useDialog';
 
@@ -74,6 +75,8 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
                 <DeleteAccount v-else-if="page === DialogType.DeleteAccount" @confirm="confirm" @cancel="close" />
                 <CreateUser v-else-if="page === DialogType.CreateUser" @confirm="confirm" @cancel="close" />
                 <CreateInvite v-else-if="page === DialogType.CreateInvite" @confirm="confirm" @cancel="close" />
+                <RecoverAccount v-else-if="page === DialogType.RecoverAccount" :user="data.user" @confirm="confirm"
+                    @cancel="close" />
                 <Confirm v-else-if="page === DialogType.Confirm" v-bind="data" @confirm="confirm" @cancel="close" />
             </div>
         </div>

app/composables/useDialog.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ export enum DialogType {
     DeleteAccount = 'delete-account',
     CreateUser = 'create-user',
     CreateInvite = 'create-invite',
+    RecoverAccount = 'recover-account',
 }
 
 interface DialogOptions {

app/pages/auth/login.vue

@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ definePageMeta({
 
 const to = useRoute().query.to as string | undefined;
 
+// set by the recovery page after a new password was chosen: 'keys' when saved
+// API keys were deleted along the way, anything else when there were none
+const recovered = useRoute().query.recovered as string | undefined;
+
 if (session.value !== null) {
     await navigateTo(to ?? '/');
 }
@@ -236,6 +240,20 @@ const submitTwoFactor = async () => {
                 </p>
             </div>
 
+            <div v-if="recovered !== undefined && step === 'credentials'" role="status"
+                class="flex gap-2.5 mb-4 px-3.5 py-3 rounded-lg bg-green-600/12 border border-green-400/40 text-sm leading-normal">
+                <span class="i-tabler-circle-check text-4.5 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0 text-green-400" aria-hidden="true"></span>
+                <span>
+                    <strong class="font-semibold">Your password is changed.</strong>
+                    <span class="text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+                        Log in with the new one.
+                        <template v-if="recovered === 'keys'">
+                            Your saved API keys were deleted, add them again under Settings → AI Providers.
+                        </template>
+                    </span>
+                </span>
+            </div>
+
             <div class="rounded-2xl">
                 <form v-show="step === 'credentials'" class="flex flex-col gap-2" @submit.prevent="submit">
                     <div class="flex flex-col gap-1.5">
@@ -308,7 +326,14 @@ const submitTwoFactor = async () => {
                 </form>
             </div>
 
-            <p v-if="instance?.registration === 'open' && step === 'credentials'" class="text-sm text-center mt-3 text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+            <p v-if="step === 'credentials'" class="text-sm text-center mt-3">
+                <NuxtLink to="/auth/recover"
+                    class="text-[var(--text-secondary)] @hover:text-[var(--text-primary)] @hover:underline">
+                    Forgot your password?
+                </NuxtLink>
+            </p>
+
+            <p v-if="instance?.registration === 'open' && step === 'credentials'" class="text-sm text-center mt-1.5 text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
                 New to Veridian?
                 <NuxtLink :to="to ? `/auth/register?to=${to}` : '/auth/register'"
                     class="text-[var(--color-accent)] font-medium @hover:underline">

app/pages/auth/recover/[token].vue

@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+import { deriveKey } from '~/utils/crypto';
+
+definePageMeta({
+    layout: 'auth',
+});
+
+const token = useRoute().params.token as string;
+
+const { signIn } = useAuth();
+
+const { data: link } = await useAsyncData(`recovery_${token}`, () =>
+    $fetch(`/api/recover/${encodeURIComponent(token)}`));
+
+// set when the link turns out to be used or expired on submit
+const rejected = ref(false);
+
+const valid = computed(() => !rejected.value && link.value?.valid ? link.value : null);
+
+// An account an admin created has no password yet. Its owner picks the first
+// one here, and nothing is lost by that.
+const setup = computed(() => valid.value?.newAccount ? valid.value : null);
+// someone who forgot their password, which costs them their saved API keys
+const recovery = computed(() => valid.value && !valid.value.newAccount ? valid.value : null);
+
+const keyCount = computed(() => recovery.value?.keyProviders.length ?? 0);
+
+const form = reactive({
+    password: '',
+    confirm: '',
+});
+const understood = ref(false);
+
+const busy = ref(false);
+const error = ref('');
+
+const confirmInputEl = ref<HTMLInputElement | null>(null);
+
+// nothing to agree to when there are no keys to lose
+const ready = computed(() => keyCount.value === 0 || understood.value);
+
+const submit = async () => {
+    if (busy.value || !ready.value) return;
+
+    if (form.password !== form.confirm) {
+        confirmInputEl.value!.setCustomValidity('Passwords do not match');
+        confirmInputEl.value!.reportValidity();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    busy.value = true;
+    error.value = '';
+
+    try {
+        await $fetch(`/api/recover/${encodeURIComponent(token)}`, {
+            method: 'POST',
+            body: { password: form.password },
+        });
+    } catch (err: any) {
+        busy.value = false;
+
+        if (err?.data?.data?.code === 'RECOVERY_LINK_INVALID') {
+            rejected.value = true;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        console.error('Failed to reset password:', err);
+        error.value = setup.value
+            ? 'The password could not be set. Try again.'
+            : 'The password could not be changed. Nothing was deleted, try again.';
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // a key left in this browser was derived from some other password
+    localStorage.removeItem('encryptionKey');
+
+    // A new account goes straight in: the password is still in memory, which is
+    // the only time the key for their API keys can be derived.
+    if (setup.value) {
+        const res = await signIn(setup.value.email, form.password);
+
+        if (res.ok && !res.data.twoFactorRequired) {
+            const key = await deriveKey(form.password, res.data.user.id);
+            localStorage.setItem('encryptionKey', JSON.stringify(key));
+
+            return navigateTo('/welcome');
+        }
+
+        // the password is set, so logging in by hand still works
+        return navigateTo('/auth/login');
+    }
+
+    // the login page confirms the change, there is nothing left to do here
+    return navigateTo(`/auth/login?recovered=${keyCount.value > 0 ? 'keys' : 'done'}`);
+};
+</script>
+
+<template>
+    <div class="relative flex flex-col items-center justify-center w-full h-full p-4 overflow-hidden">
+        <!-- Background decorative blobs -->
+        <div
+            class="absolute -top-24 -right-24 w-96 h-96 bg-[var(--color-accent)] opacity-10 blur-[100px] rounded-full pointer-events-none">
+        </div>
+        <div
+            class="absolute -bottom-24 -left-24 w-96 h-96 bg-[var(--color-accent)] opacity-5 blur-[100px] rounded-full pointer-events-none">
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="z-10 max-w-104 w-full flex flex-col gap-5">
+            <div class="flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-center">
+                <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold tracking-tight">Veridian</h1>
+                <p class="text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+                    <template v-if="setup">Welcome, {{ setup.name }}</template>
+                    <template v-else-if="recovery">Set a new password for {{ recovery.email }}</template>
+                    <template v-else>This link doesn't work</template>
+                </p>
+            </div>
+
+            <template v-if="!valid">
+                <p role="alert"
+                    class="px-3 py-2.5 rounded-lg bg-[var(--bg-container)] border border-[var(--color-border)] text-sm leading-snug text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+                    This link doesn't work anymore. It was used already, has expired, or was replaced by a
+                    newer one. Ask whoever runs this instance for a new one.
+                </p>
+                <p class="text-sm text-center text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+                    <NuxtLink to="/auth/login" class="text-[var(--color-accent)] font-medium @hover:underline">
+                        Back to log in
+                    </NuxtLink>
+                </p>
+            </template>
+
+            <template v-else>
+                <p v-if="setup" class="text-sm leading-normal text-center text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+                    An account was created for you as <strong class="font-medium text-[var(--text-primary)]">{{
+                        setup.email }}</strong>. Choose a password to start using it.
+                </p>
+
+                <div v-if="recovery" role="note"
+                    class="flex flex-col gap-2 px-3 py-3 rounded-lg border text-sm leading-normal"
+                    :class="keyCount > 0 ? 'border-red-400/40 bg-red-600/12' : 'border-[var(--color-border)]'">
+                    <template v-if="keyCount > 0">
+                        <div class="flex items-center gap-2">
+                            <span class="i-tabler-alert-triangle text-4.5 flex-shrink-0 text-red-400"
+                                aria-hidden="true"></span>
+                            <strong class="font-semibold">
+                                Your {{ keyCount }} saved API {{ keyCount === 1 ? 'key' : 'keys' }} will be deleted
+                            </strong>
+                        </div>
+                        <p class="text-[13px] text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+                            They were encrypted with your old password. Without it nobody can decrypt them, not
+                            you, not an admin, not the server. There is no way to get them back.
+                        </p>
+                    </template>
+                    <p v-else class="text-[13px] text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+                        You have no saved API keys, so nothing of yours is lost.
+                    </p>
+
+                    <ul class="flex flex-col gap-1 text-[13px]">
+                        <li v-if="keyCount > 0" class="flex items-start gap-2">
+                            <span class="i-tabler-trash text-4 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0 text-red-400" aria-hidden="true"></span>
+                            <span>Deleted: API keys for <span class="case-capital">{{ recovery.keyProviders.join(', ') }}</span></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li v-if="recovery.resetSecurity" class="flex items-start gap-2">
+                            <span class="i-tabler-shield-off text-4 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0 text-[var(--text-secondary)]"
+                                aria-hidden="true"></span>
+                            <span>Reset: two-factor sign-in, all active sessions</span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li class="flex items-start gap-2">
+                            <span class="i-tabler-circle-check text-4 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0 text-[var(--text-secondary)]"
+                                aria-hidden="true"></span>
+                            <span>Kept: chats, agents, files, provider and model lists, settings</span>
+                        </li>
+                    </ul>
+                </div>
+
+                <form class="flex flex-col gap-2" @submit.prevent="submit">
+                    <div class="flex flex-col gap-1.5">
+                        <label for="password"
+                            class="text-sm font-medium uppercase tracking-wider text-[var(--text-secondary)] ml-1">{{
+                                setup ? 'Password' : 'New password' }}</label>
+                        <input required minlength="8" maxlength="128" type="password" autocomplete="new-password"
+                            id="password" v-model="form.password" placeholder="••••••••" :disabled="busy"
+                            class="focus:ring-2 focus:ring-[var(--color-accent)]/20 border border-[var(--color-border)] transition-all" />
+                    </div>
+
+                    <div class="flex flex-col gap-1.5">
+                        <label for="confirmPassword"
+                            class="text-sm font-medium uppercase tracking-wider text-[var(--text-secondary)] ml-1">Confirm
+                            password</label>
+                        <input required minlength="8" maxlength="128" ref="confirmInputEl" type="password"
+                            autocomplete="new-password" id="confirmPassword" v-model="form.confirm"
+                            placeholder="••••••••" :disabled="busy" @input="confirmInputEl?.setCustomValidity('')"
+                            class="focus:ring-2 focus:ring-[var(--color-accent)]/20 border border-[var(--color-border)] transition-all" />
+                    </div>
+
+                    <label v-if="keyCount > 0" class="flex items-start gap-2.5 mt-1 text-[13px] leading-normal cursor-pointer">
+                        <!-- a plain checkbox: the auth layout sizes every input as a text field -->
+                        <input v-model="understood" type="checkbox" :disabled="busy"
+                            class="!w-auto !p-0 mt-0.75 flex-shrink-0" style="accent-color: var(--color-accent)" />
+                        <span>
+                            I understand my API keys will be permanently deleted and I'll need to add them again.
+                        </span>
+                    </label>
+
+                    <p v-if="setup" class="flex gap-2 mt-1 text-xs leading-normal text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+                        <span class="i-mynaui-lock text-4 mt-0.25 flex-shrink-0" aria-hidden="true"></span>
+                        <span>
+                            Your password also encrypts your API keys in the browser. If you forget it, saved
+                            keys can't be recovered and have to be re-entered.
+                        </span>
+                    </p>
+
+                    <p v-if="error" role="alert" class="text-sm text-red-400">{{ error }}</p>
+
+                    <button :disabled="busy || !ready" type="submit"
+                        class="accent w-full mt-2 h-11 flex items-center justify-center font-semibold disabled:opacity-40 disabled:cursor-not-allowed">
+                        <span v-if="busy" class="i-svg-spinners-90-ring-with-bg text-xl"></span>
+                        <span v-else>{{ setup ? 'Set password and continue' : keyCount > 0 ? 'Reset password and delete keys' : 'Reset password' }}</span>
+                    </button>
+                </form>
+
+                <p v-if="recovery" class="text-sm text-center text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+                    Remember your old password after all?
+                    <NuxtLink to="/auth/login" class="text-[var(--color-accent)] font-medium @hover:underline">
+                        Log in instead
+                    </NuxtLink>
+                    and change it from Settings to keep your keys.
+                </p>
+            </template>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</template>

app/pages/auth/recover/index.vue

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+definePageMeta({
+    layout: 'auth',
+});
+</script>
+
+<template>
+    <div class="relative flex flex-col items-center justify-center w-full h-full p-4 overflow-hidden">
+        <!-- Background decorative blobs -->
+        <div
+            class="absolute -top-24 -right-24 w-96 h-96 bg-[var(--color-accent)] opacity-10 blur-[100px] rounded-full pointer-events-none">
+        </div>
+        <div
+            class="absolute -bottom-24 -left-24 w-96 h-96 bg-[var(--color-accent)] opacity-5 blur-[100px] rounded-full pointer-events-none">
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="z-10 max-w-104 w-full flex flex-col gap-5">
+            <div class="flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-center">
+                <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold tracking-tight">Veridian</h1>
+                <p class="text-[var(--text-secondary)]">Forgot your password?</p>
+            </div>
+
+            <p class="text-sm leading-normal text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+                This instance doesn't send email. An administrator can create a one-time recovery link for
+                you.
+            </p>
+
+            <ol class="flex flex-col gap-2.5 text-sm">
+                <li v-for="(step, index) in [
+                    'Contact whoever runs this instance.',
+                    'They send you a link that works once and expires in 24 hours.',
+                    'Open it here and choose a new password.',
+                ]" :key="step" class="flex items-start gap-3">
+                    <span aria-hidden="true"
+                        class="flex items-center justify-center w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0 rounded-md border border-[var(--color-border-active)] text-xs text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+                        {{ index + 1 }}
+                    </span>
+                    <span class="mt-0.5">{{ step }}</span>
+                </li>
+            </ol>
+
+            <p class="text-[13px] leading-normal text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+                Operators locked out of the only admin account can run
+                <code class="px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded bg-[var(--bg-container)] font-mono text-xs text-[var(--text-primary)] whitespace-nowrap">bun run recover &lt;email&gt;</code>
+                on the server to print a link.
+            </p>
+
+            <div role="note"
+                class="flex gap-2.5 px-3.5 py-3 rounded-lg bg-red-600/12 border border-red-400/40 text-sm leading-normal">
+                <span class="i-tabler-alert-triangle text-4.5 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0 text-red-400"
+                    aria-hidden="true"></span>
+                <span>
+                    <strong class="font-semibold">Recovery deletes your saved API keys.</strong>
+                    <span class="text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+                        They are encrypted with your current password and can't be read without it. Your
+                        chats, agents and files are kept.
+                    </span>
+                </span>
+            </div>
+
+            <p class="text-sm text-center text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
+                Remembered it?
+                <NuxtLink to="/auth/login" class="text-[var(--color-accent)] font-medium @hover:underline">
+                    Back to log in
+                </NuxtLink>
+            </p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</template>

app/pages/auth/setup.vue

@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ const submit = async () => {
                     Someone else just created the first account, so this instance already has its
                     administrator. Nothing was created for you.
                 </p>
-                <NuxtLink to="/auth/login" class="accent w-full h-11 flex items-center justify-center font-semibold">
+                <NuxtLink to="/auth/login" class="w-full h-11 flex items-center justify-center font-semibold rounded-md bg-[var(--color-accent)] text-[var(--color-accent-text)]">
                     Go to log in
                 </NuxtLink>
             </div>

app/pages/settings/instance/users.vue

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ type UserRow = {
     role: 'admin' | 'user';
     banned: boolean;
     twoFactorEnabled: boolean;
+    // created by an admin and has not set a password yet
+    pending: boolean;
     createdAt: string;
     lastActiveAt: string | null;
 };
@@ -139,6 +141,12 @@ const signOutEverywhere = (user: UserRow) => run(user, `${user.name} could not b
     return !error;
 });
 
+// The dialog makes the link and shows it, nothing in the list changes. For an
+// account that has no password yet it is a new setup link instead.
+const recoverAccount = (user: UserRow) => {
+    openDialog(DialogType.RecoverAccount, undefined, { user });
+};
+
 const resetTwoFactor = (user: UserRow) => confirmThen({
     title: `Reset two-factor for ${user.name}?`,
     message: 'Turns two-factor sign-in off for this account and throws away its backup codes. They sign in with only their password until they set it up again.',
@@ -196,9 +204,8 @@ const createInvite = () => {
 };
 
 const openCreateUser = () => {
-    openDialog(DialogType.CreateUser, async (result) => {
+    // the dialog can be closed after the account was made, so always reload
-        if (result.ok === false) return;
+    openDialog(DialogType.CreateUser, async () => {
-
         await loadUsers();
     });
 };
@@ -278,9 +285,9 @@ const openCreateUser = () => {
                     </span>
 
                     <span role="cell" class="flex items-center gap-1.5 text-[13px]"
-                        :class="u.banned ? 'text-red-400' : 'text-green-400'">
+                        :class="u.banned ? 'text-red-400' : u.pending ? 'text-amber-400' : 'text-green-400'">
                         <span aria-hidden="true" class="w-1.75 h-1.75 rounded-full bg-current"></span>
-                        {{ u.banned ? 'Disabled' : 'Active' }}
+                        {{ u.banned ? 'Disabled' : u.pending ? 'Invited' : 'Active' }}
                     </span>
 
                     <span role="cell" class="text-[13px]"
@@ -323,6 +330,11 @@ const openCreateUser = () => {
                                     <span class="i-tabler-shield-check text-4.5" aria-hidden="true"></span>
                                     Make admin
                                 </button>
+                                <button type="button" role="menuitem" :class="MENU_ITEM_CLASS"
+                                    @click="close(); recoverAccount(u)">
+                                    <span class="i-tabler-key text-4.5" aria-hidden="true"></span>
+                                    {{ u.pending ? 'New setup link…' : 'Recover account…' }}
+                                </button>
                                 <button v-if="u.twoFactorEnabled" type="button" role="menuitem" :class="MENU_ITEM_CLASS"
                                     @click="close(); resetTwoFactor(u)">
                                     <span class="i-tabler-shield-off text-4.5" aria-hidden="true"></span>
@@ -365,7 +377,8 @@ const openCreateUser = () => {
 
         <p class="mt-4 max-w-190 text-[13px] leading-relaxed text-[var(--text-secondary)]">
             Admins manage accounts, not content: chats, agents, files and API keys of other users are never
-            shown here. Disabled accounts can't sign in and nothing of theirs is deleted. Your own account is
+            shown here. Invited accounts have no password until their owner opens the setup link. Disabled
+            accounts can't sign in and nothing of theirs is deleted. Your own account is
             managed from Profile and Security, and you can't remove your own admin role.
         </p>
     </div>

drizzle/migrations/20261008192016_recovery/migration.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+CREATE TABLE "recovery_links" (
+	"id" text PRIMARY KEY,
+	"token_hash" text NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+	"user_id" text NOT NULL,
+	"reset_security" boolean DEFAULT true NOT NULL,
+	"expires_at" timestamp with time zone NOT NULL,
+	"created_at" timestamp with time zone DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE INDEX "recovery_links_userId_idx" ON "recovery_links" ("user_id");--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE "recovery_links" ADD CONSTRAINT "recovery_links_user_id_users_id_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("user_id") REFERENCES "users"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE;

drizzle/schema.ts

@@ -374,3 +374,21 @@ export const invites = pgTable(
         createdAt: timestamptz("created_at").defaultNow().notNull(),
     },
 );
+
+// One-time links that let someone who forgot their password set a new one.
+// Only a hash of the token is kept, the link itself is shown once when made.
+export const recoveryLinks = pgTable(
+    "recovery_links",
+    {
+        id: text("id").primaryKey().$defaultFn(nanoid),
+        tokenHash: text("token_hash").notNull().unique(),
+        userId: text("user_id")
+            .notNull()
+            .references(() => users.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
+        // also turn two-factor off and sign every device out when it is used
+        resetSecurity: boolean("reset_security").notNull().default(true),
+        expiresAt: timestamptz("expires_at").notNull(),
+        createdAt: timestamptz("created_at").defaultNow().notNull(),
+    },
+    (table) => [index("recovery_links_userId_idx").on(table.userId)],
+);

lib/auth.ts

@@ -18,10 +18,12 @@ const accessControl = createAccessControl(defaultStatements);
 // another user's password or email are left out on purpose: the first would
 // show their chats, the others would lock them out of their encrypted API keys.
 // Deleting is left out too, because Better Auth would only remove the account
-// and leave its agents, topics and files behind. /api/admin/users does that.
+// and leave its agents, topics and files behind. Creating is left out so new
+// accounts are always made without a password and with a setup link.
+// /api/admin/users does both.
 const roles = {
     admin: accessControl.newRole({
-        user: ['create', 'list', 'set-role', 'ban', 'get', 'update'],
+        user: ['list', 'set-role', 'ban', 'get', 'update'],
         session: ['list', 'revoke', 'delete'],
     }),
     user: accessControl.newRole({
@@ -74,9 +76,11 @@ export const auth = betterAuth({
                 }
             }
 
-            // creating a user as an admin skips the sign up password rules
+            // Creating a user as an admin skips the sign up password rules. No
-            if (ctx.path === '/admin/create-user') {
+            // password at all is fine: that account can't be signed in to until
-                const password = ctx.body?.password;
+            // its owner sets one with a setup link.
+            if (ctx.path === '/admin/create-user' && ctx.body?.password !== undefined) {
+                const password = ctx.body.password;
                 if (typeof password !== 'string' || password.length < MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH) {
                     throw new APIError('BAD_REQUEST', {
                         message: 'Password is too short',

package.json

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
         "dev": "nuxt dev",
         "generate": "nuxt generate",
         "preview": "nuxt preview",
-        "postinstall": "nuxt prepare"
+        "postinstall": "nuxt prepare",
+        "recover": "bun scripts/recover.ts"
     },
     "dependencies": {
         "@ai-sdk/anthropic": "^3.0.71",

scripts/recover.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/**
+ * Prints a one-time recovery link for an account. Meant for whoever runs the
+ * server when nobody can sign in as an admin anymore:
+ *
+ *     bun run recover <email>
+ *
+ * It only talks to the database, the server does not have to be running. The
+ * link works like the ones admins make under Settings → Users: it lets the
+ * account set a new password, deletes its saved API keys, turns two-factor
+ * off and signs every device out.
+ *
+ * Kept free of imports from the app so it also runs in the production image.
+ * The link has to be made the same way as in server/utils/recovery.ts.
+ */
+import { createHash, randomBytes, randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+import { Pool } from 'pg';
+
+const LIFETIME_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+
+const main = async (): Promise<number> => {
+    const email = process.argv[2]?.trim().toLowerCase();
+
+    if (!email) {
+        console.error('Usage: bun run recover <email>');
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    const pool = new Pool({
+        connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL || 'postgres://postgres:password@localhost:5432/veridian',
+    });
+
+    const found = await pool.query('SELECT id, name FROM users WHERE lower(email) = $1', [email]);
+    const user = found.rows[0] as { id: string; name: string } | undefined;
+
+    if (!user) {
+        console.error(`No account with the email ${email}.`);
+        await pool.end();
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    const token = randomBytes(32).toString('base64url');
+    const tokenHash = createHash('sha256').update(token).digest('hex');
+    const expiresAt = new Date(Date.now() + LIFETIME_MS);
+
+    // only one link works at a time
+    await pool.query('DELETE FROM recovery_links WHERE user_id = $1', [user.id]);
+    await pool.query(
+        'INSERT INTO recovery_links (id, token_hash, user_id, reset_security, expires_at) VALUES ($1, $2, $3, true, $4)',
+        [randomUUID(), tokenHash, user.id, expiresAt],
+    );
+    await pool.end();
+
+    const baseUrl = (process.env.NUXT_PUBLIC_URL ?? 'http://localhost:3000').replace(/\/$/, '');
+
+    console.log(`Recovery link for ${user.name} <${email}>:`);
+    console.log('');
+    console.log(`    ${baseUrl}/auth/recover/${token}`);
+    console.log('');
+    console.log('It works once and expires in 24 hours. Using it deletes the saved API keys');
+    console.log('of this account, turns two-factor off and signs every device out.');
+
+    return 0;
+};
+
+process.exit(await main());

server/api/admin/users/[id]/recovery.delete.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import { eq } from 'drizzle-orm';
+import { recoveryLinks } from '~~/drizzle/schema';
+import { db } from '~~/server/lib/db';
+
+/** Cancels the recovery link of a user, if there is one. */
+export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
+    await protectAdminRoute(event);
+
+    await db.delete(recoveryLinks).where(eq(recoveryLinks.userId, getRouterParam(event, 'id')!));
+
+    return { ok: true };
+});

server/api/admin/users/[id]/recovery.post.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import * as z from 'zod';
+import { db } from '~~/server/lib/db';
+
+/**
+ * Makes a one-time link the user can set a new password with, or their first
+ * one if the account was created by an admin and never had a password. The link is
+ * only returned here, afterwards nobody can read it back, admins included.
+ */
+export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
+    await protectAdminRoute(event);
+
+    const result = await readValidatedBody(event, (body) =>
+        z
+            .object({
+                // also turn two-factor off and sign every device out
+                resetSecurity: z.boolean(),
+            })
+            .safeParse(body),
+    );
+
+    if (!result.success) {
+        throw createError({
+            statusCode: 400,
+            message: result.error.issues[0]!.message,
+        });
+    }
+
+    const id = getRouterParam(event, 'id')!;
+
+    const account = await db.query.users.findFirst({
+        where: {
+            id,
+        },
+    });
+
+    if (!account) {
+        throw createError({
+            statusCode: 404,
+            statusMessage: 'User not found',
+        });
+    }
+
+    return await createRecoveryLink(id, result.data.resetSecurity);
+});

server/api/admin/users/index.get.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import { asc, eq, max } from 'drizzle-orm';
+import { asc, eq, max, sql } from 'drizzle-orm';
-import { sessions, users } from '~~/drizzle/schema';
+import { accounts, sessions, users } from '~~/drizzle/schema';
 import { db } from '~~/server/lib/db';
 
 /**
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
             // sessions are touched as they are used, the newest one is the
             // closest thing there is to a last seen time
             lastActiveAt: max(sessions.updatedAt),
+            // no password yet: created by an admin and still waiting for its
+            // owner to open the setup link
+            pending: sql<boolean>`not exists (select 1 from ${accounts} where ${accounts.userId} = ${users.id} and ${accounts.providerId} = 'credential')`,
         })
         .from(users)
         .leftJoin(sessions, eq(sessions.userId, users.id))

server/api/admin/users/index.post.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+import * as z from 'zod';
+import { auth } from '~~/lib/auth';
+
+/**
+ * Creates an account for someone, without a password. Nobody can sign in to
+ * it until its owner opens the setup link returned here and picks one, so the
+ * admin never knows a password of theirs. The link is only returned here.
+ */
+export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
+    await protectAdminRoute(event);
+
+    const result = await readValidatedBody(event, (body) =>
+        z
+            .object({
+                name: z.string().trim().min(1).max(128),
+                email: z.email(),
+            })
+            .safeParse(body),
+    );
+
+    if (!result.success) {
+        throw createError({
+            statusCode: 400,
+            message: result.error.issues[0]!.message,
+            data: {
+                code: 'INVALID_BODY',
+            },
+        });
+    }
+
+    const { name, email } = result.data;
+
+    let userId: string;
+
+    try {
+        // called without the request, the admin check already happened above
+        const { user } = await auth.api.createUser({
+            body: {
+                name,
+                email,
+                role: 'user',
+            },
+        });
+
+        userId = user.id;
+    } catch (error: any) {
+        const code = error?.body?.code as string | undefined;
+
+        if (code === undefined) {
+            console.error('Failed to create user:', error);
+        }
+
+        throw createError({
+            statusCode: code === undefined ? 500 : 400,
+            statusMessage: 'Failed to create user',
+            data: {
+                code: code ?? 'INTERNAL_ERROR',
+            },
+        });
+    }
+
+    return await createRecoveryLink(userId, false);
+});

server/api/recover/[token].get.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import { and, eq, sql } from 'drizzle-orm';
+import { providers } from '~~/drizzle/schema';
+import { db } from '~~/server/lib/db';
+
+/**
+ * Tells the recovery page whether a link still works and what using it will
+ * do: set the first password of a new account, or replace a forgotten one. Public on purpose: whoever opens it cannot sign in, that is the point.
+ */
+export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
+    const link = await findRecoveryLink(getRouterParam(event, 'token')!);
+
+    if (!link) {
+        return { valid: false as const };
+    }
+
+    // an account that never had a password is being set up, not recovered
+    if (!await hasPassword(link.userId)) {
+        return {
+            valid: true as const,
+            newAccount: true as const,
+            email: link.email,
+            name: link.name,
+        };
+    }
+
+    const withKey = await db
+        .select({ name: providers.name })
+        .from(providers)
+        .where(and(eq(providers.userId, link.userId), sql`coalesce(${providers.config}->>'apiKey', '') <> ''`));
+
+    return {
+        valid: true as const,
+        newAccount: false as const,
+        email: link.email,
+        // the providers whose saved key is lost when the link is used
+        keyProviders: withKey.map(p => p.name),
+        resetSecurity: link.resetSecurity,
+        twoFactorEnabled: !!link.twoFactorEnabled,
+    };
+});

server/api/recover/[token].post.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import { and, eq, gt, sql } from 'drizzle-orm';
+import * as z from 'zod';
+import { providers, recoveryLinks, sessions, twoFactors, users } from '~~/drizzle/schema';
+import { auth } from '~~/lib/auth';
+import { db } from '~~/server/lib/db';
+
+/**
+ * Sets a password with a one-time link.
+ *
+ * For an account an admin just created this is its first password, and there
+ * is nothing else to do. For a forgotten password it is a recovery:
+ *
+ * The saved API keys are encrypted with a key derived from the old password.
+ * Nobody has that password anymore, so the keys can never be read again and
+ * are deleted here. Chats, agents, files and everything else stay.
+ */
+export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
+    const result = await readValidatedBody(event, (body) =>
+        z
+            .object({
+                password: z.string().min(8).max(128),
+            })
+            .safeParse(body),
+    );
+
+    if (!result.success) {
+        throw createError({
+            statusCode: 400,
+            message: result.error.issues[0]!.message,
+            data: {
+                code: 'INVALID_BODY',
+            },
+        });
+    }
+
+    const tokenHash = hashRecoveryToken(getRouterParam(event, 'token')!);
+    const { password } = result.data;
+
+    const { password: hasher, internalAdapter } = await auth.$context;
+    const passwordHash = await hasher.hash(password);
+
+    const recovered = await db.transaction(async (tx) => {
+        // deleting the link is what makes it work once: of two requests with
+        // the same link only one gets a row back
+        const [link] = await tx.delete(recoveryLinks)
+            .where(and(eq(recoveryLinks.tokenHash, tokenHash), gt(recoveryLinks.expiresAt, new Date())))
+            .returning({ userId: recoveryLinks.userId, resetSecurity: recoveryLinks.resetSecurity });
+
+        if (!link) return null;
+
+        // if either of these fails the link comes back with the rest of the
+        // transaction
+        if (!await hasPassword(link.userId)) {
+            await internalAdapter.linkAccount({
+                providerId: 'credential',
+                accountId: link.userId,
+                password: passwordHash,
+                userId: link.userId,
+            });
+
+            return 'created';
+        }
+
+        await internalAdapter.updatePassword(link.userId, passwordHash);
+
+        // A provider without its key can't be used, so it is switched off
+        // until the key is entered again. The provider and its models stay.
+        await tx.update(providers)
+            .set({
+                config: sql`${providers.config} - 'apiKey'`,
+                enabled: false,
+            })
+            .where(and(eq(providers.userId, link.userId), sql`coalesce(${providers.config}->>'apiKey', '') <> ''`));
+
+        if (link.resetSecurity) {
+            await tx.delete(twoFactors).where(eq(twoFactors.userId, link.userId));
+            await tx.update(users).set({ twoFactorEnabled: false }).where(eq(users.id, link.userId));
+            await tx.delete(sessions).where(eq(sessions.userId, link.userId));
+        }
+
+        return 'recovered';
+    });
+
+    if (recovered === null) {
+        throw createError({
+            statusCode: 410,
+            statusMessage: 'This recovery link is not valid anymore',
+            data: {
+                code: 'RECOVERY_LINK_INVALID',
+            },
+        });
+    }
+
+    return { newAccount: recovered === 'created' };
+});

server/utils/recovery.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import { createHash, randomBytes } from 'node:crypto';
+import { and, eq, gt, lte, sql } from 'drizzle-orm';
+import { accounts, recoveryLinks, users } from '~~/drizzle/schema';
+import { db } from '~~/server/lib/db';
+
+export const RECOVERY_LINK_LIFETIME_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+// a new person may take a while to get round to it
+export const SETUP_LINK_LIFETIME_MS = 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+
+/**
+ * An account an admin created has no password until its owner sets one with
+ * a setup link. Until then nobody can sign in to it.
+ */
+export const hasPassword = async (userId: string): Promise<boolean> => {
+    const rows = await db
+        .select({ id: accounts.id })
+        .from(accounts)
+        .where(and(eq(accounts.userId, userId), eq(accounts.providerId, 'credential')))
+        .limit(1);
+
+    return rows.length > 0;
+};
+
+// scripts/recover.ts makes links the same way, keep the two in step
+export const hashRecoveryToken = (token: string) => createHash('sha256').update(token).digest('hex');
+
+/**
+ * Makes a one-time link a user can set a password with and returns its token:
+ * a recovery link for someone who forgot theirs, a setup link for an account
+ * that never had one. Only one link works at a time, making a new one cancels
+ * the ones before it.
+ */
+export const createRecoveryLink = async (userId: string, resetSecurity: boolean) => {
+    const token = randomBytes(32).toString('base64url');
+    const lifetime = await hasPassword(userId) ? RECOVERY_LINK_LIFETIME_MS : SETUP_LINK_LIFETIME_MS;
+    const expiresAt = new Date(Date.now() + lifetime);
+
+    await db.transaction(async (tx) => {
+        await tx.delete(recoveryLinks).where(eq(recoveryLinks.userId, userId));
+        await tx.delete(recoveryLinks).where(lte(recoveryLinks.expiresAt, new Date()));
+        await tx.insert(recoveryLinks).values({
+            tokenHash: hashRecoveryToken(token),
+            userId,
+            resetSecurity,
+            expiresAt,
+        });
+    });
+
+    return { token, expiresAt };
+};
+
+export const findRecoveryLink = async (token: string) => {
+    const rows = await db
+        .select({
+            id: recoveryLinks.id,
+            userId: recoveryLinks.userId,
+            resetSecurity: recoveryLinks.resetSecurity,
+            expiresAt: recoveryLinks.expiresAt,
+            email: users.email,
+            name: users.name,
+            twoFactorEnabled: users.twoFactorEnabled,
+        })
+        .from(recoveryLinks)
+        .innerJoin(users, eq(users.id, recoveryLinks.userId))
+        .where(and(eq(recoveryLinks.tokenHash, hashRecoveryToken(token)), gt(recoveryLinks.expiresAt, new Date())))
+        .limit(1);
+
+    return rows[0] ?? null;
+};