# CappuccinOS

![LOC](https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://gist.githubusercontent.com/juls0730/c16f26c4c5ab7f613fe758c913f9e71f/raw/cappuccinos-loc.json)

CappuccinOS is a small x86-64 operating system written from scratch in rust. This README will guide you through the process of building and running CappuccinOS.

## Features

- [x] Serial output
- [x] Hardware interrupts
- [x] Heap allocation
- [ ] Externalized kernel modules
  - [x] Initramfs
    - [x] Squashfs driver
      - [x] Programmatic reads
      - [x] Decompression
- [ ] PS/2 Keyboard support
- [ ] ANSI color codes in console
- [ ] SMP
  - [x] Use APIC instead of PIC
- [ ] Pre-emptive multitasking
  - [ ] Scheduling
- [ ] File system
  - [x] FAT file system (read-only rn)
  - [ ] Ext2 file system
- [ ] Block Device support
  - [x] IDE device support
  - [ ] SATA device support
  - [ ] MMC/Nand device support
  - [ ] M.2 NVME device support
- [ ] Basic shell
  - [ ] Basic I/O
    - [ ] Executing Programs from disk
- [ ] Lua interpreter
- [x] Memory management
- [ ] Network support
- [ ] GUI
- [ ] Device drivers
  - [ ] Native intel graphics
- [ ] User authentication
- [ ] Power management
- [ ] Paging
- [ ] RTC Clock

## Setup

Before building CappuccinOS, make sure you have the following installed on your machine:

- rust
- python
- sgdisk
- mtools
- squashfs-tools
- qemu (optional)

Clone the repo:

```BASH
git clone https://github.com/juls0730/CappuccinOS.git
cd CappuccinOS
```

Install rust, if you haven't already:

```BASH
curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh -s -- -y --default-toolchain none
```

Install the dependencies:

<details>
    <summary>Arch</summary>

    sudo pacman -S gptfdisk mtools squashfs-tools python
    # Optionally
    sudo pacman -S qemu-system-x86

</details>

<details>
    <summary>Ubuntu</summary>
    Python should be installed by default, and if it's not, make an issue or a PR and I'll fix it

    sudo apt install gdisk mtools squashfs-tools
    # Optionally
    sudo apt install qemu

</details>

## Usage

Run CappuccinOS with QEMU:

```BASH
make run
```

If you would like to just build CappuccinOS but not run it:

```BASH
make build
```

If you would like to target another architecture other than x86_64, set the `ARCH` variable to the a supported architecture. CappuccinOS is also built in release mode by default, if you would like to build CappuccinOS in debug mode, set the `MODE` variable to `debug`.

Run on a bare metal machine by flashing to a USB stick or hard drive:

```
sudo dd if=bin/CappuccinOS.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=1M && sync
```

**Be careful not to overwrite your hard drive when using `dd`!**

## Supported Architectures

- x86_64
- ~~aarch64~~ not in scope **might** not build
- ~~RISC-V64~~ not in scope **might** not build

## Credits an attributions

Inspiration was mainly from [JDH's Tetris OS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaILnmUYS_U), mixed with a growing interest in low level in general and an interest in learning rust (yeah, I started this project with not that much rust experience, maybe a CLI app or two, and trust me it shows).

Some Resources I used over the creation of CappuccinOS:

- [OSDev wiki](https://wiki.osdev.org)
- Wikipedia on various random things
- [Squashfs Binary Format](https://dr-emann.github.io/squashfs/squashfs.html)
- [GRUB](https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/grub-download.html) Mainly for Squashfs things, even though I later learned it does things incorrectly

And mostly for examples of how people did stuff I used these (projects made by people who might actually have a clue what they're doing):

- This is missing some entries somehow
- [MOROS](https://github.com/vinc/moros)
- [Felix](https://github.com/mrgian/felix)
- [mOS](https://github.com/Moldytzu/mOS)
- [rust_os](https://github.com/thepowersgang/rust_os/tree/master)
- [Lyre](https://github.com/Lyre-OS/klyre)

## License

CappuccinOS is license under the MIT License. Feel free to modify and distribute in accordance with the license.