small various changes

small various changes

README.md

@@ -144,6 +144,32 @@ And mostly for examples of how people did stuff I used these (projects made by p
 - [mOS](https://github.com/Moldytzu/mOS)
 - [rust_os](https://github.com/thepowersgang/rust_os/tree/master)
 - [Lyre](https://github.com/Lyre-OS/klyre)
+- [Limine](https://github.com/limine-bootloader/limine) as my paging implementation is largely a rust translation of its
+
+```
+Copyright (C) 2019-2024 mintsuki and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+```
 
 ## License
 

src/arch/aarch64/aarch64-unknown-none.json

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-    "data-layout": "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128",
+    "data-layout": "e-m:e-i8:8:32-i16:16:32-i64:64-i128:128-n32:64-S128-Fn32",
     "llvm-target": "aarch64-unknown-none",
     "target-endian": "little",
     "target-pointer-width": "64",

src/arch/aarch64/io.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use crate::mem::VirtualPtr;
+
 #[inline(always)]
 pub fn outb(port: u16, value: u8) {
     return;

src/arch/aarch64/mod.rs

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 pub mod io;
+pub mod paging;

src/arch/aarch64/paging.rs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+

src/arch/riscv64/io.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use crate::mem::VirtualPtr;
+
 #[inline(always)]
 pub fn outb(port: u16, value: u8) {
     return;

src/arch/riscv64/mod.rs

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 pub mod io;
+pub mod paging;

src/arch/riscv64/paging.rs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+

src/arch/x86_64/interrupts/apic.rs

@@ -187,9 +187,7 @@ impl APIC {
 
         let smp_request = crate::libs::limine::get_smp();
 
-        if smp_request.is_none() {
+        assert!(smp_request.is_some(), "Failed to get smp from limine!");
-            panic!("Failed to get smp from limine!");
-        }
 
         let smp_request = smp_request.unwrap();
         let bsp_lapic_id = smp_request.bsp_lapic_id();

src/arch/x86_64/interrupts/mod.rs

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn syscall() {
 }
 
 pub extern "C" fn syscall_handler(_rdi: u64, _rsi: u64, rdx: u64, rcx: u64) {
-    let buf: VirtualPtr<u8> = unsafe { VirtualPtr::from(rdx as usize) }; // Treat as pointer to u8 (byte array)
+    let buf: VirtualPtr<u8> = VirtualPtr::from(rdx as usize); // Treat as pointer to u8 (byte array)
     let count = rcx as usize;
 
     let slice = unsafe { core::slice::from_raw_parts(buf.as_raw_ptr(), count) };

src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 pub mod gdt;
 pub mod interrupts;
 pub mod io;
+pub mod paging;
 pub mod stack_trace;
 
 #[cfg(any(target_arch = "x86", target_arch = "x86_64"))]

src/arch/x86_64/paging.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+use core::arch::x86_64::__cpuid;
+
+use crate::{
+    libs::{
+        cell::OnceCell,
+        limine::{get_hhdm_offset, get_kernel_address, get_paging_level},
+    },
+    mem::vmm::get_next_level,
+    LogLevel,
+};
+
+const PT_FLAG_VALID: u64 = 1 << 0;
+const PT_FLAG_WRITE: u64 = 1 << 1;
+const PT_FLAG_USER: u64 = 1 << 2;
+const PT_FLAG_LARGE: u64 = 1 << 7;
+const PT_FLAG_NX: u64 = 1 << 63;
+const PT_PADDR_MASK: u64 = 0x0000_FFFF_FFFF_F000;
+
+pub const PT_TABLE_FLAGS: u64 = PT_FLAG_VALID | PT_FLAG_WRITE | PT_FLAG_USER;
+
+// I know it's literally 8 bytes, but... fight me
+#[derive(Clone)]
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct PageTableEntry(u64);
+
+impl PageTableEntry {
+    pub fn new(addr: u64, flags: u64) -> Self {
+        Self(addr | flags)
+    }
+
+    pub fn addr(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.0 & PT_PADDR_MASK
+    }
+
+    // TODO: probably a more elegant way to do this
+    pub fn get_field(&self, field: Field) -> u64 {
+        match field {
+            Field::Present => (self.0 >> 0) & 1,
+            Field::ReadWrite => (self.0 >> 1) & 1,
+            Field::UserSupervisor => (self.0 >> 2) & 1,
+            Field::WriteThrough => (self.0 >> 3) & 1,
+            Field::CacheDisable => (self.0 >> 4) & 1,
+            Field::Accessed => (self.0 >> 5) & 1,
+            Field::Avl0 => (self.0 >> 6) & 1,
+            Field::PageSize => (self.0 >> 7) & 1,
+            Field::Avl1 => (self.0 >> 8) & 0xF,
+            Field::Addr => (self.0 >> 12) & 0x000F_FFFF_FFFF_FFFF,
+            Field::Nx => (self.0 >> 63) & 1,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_field(&mut self, field: Field, value: u64) {
+        let mask = match field {
+            Field::Present => 1 << 0,
+            Field::ReadWrite => 1 << 1,
+            Field::UserSupervisor => 1 << 2,
+            Field::WriteThrough => 1 << 3,
+            Field::CacheDisable => 1 << 4,
+            Field::Accessed => 1 << 5,
+            Field::Avl0 => 1 << 6,
+            Field::PageSize => 1 << 7,
+            Field::Avl1 => 0xF << 8,
+            Field::Addr => 0x000F_FFFF_FFFF_FFFF << 12,
+            Field::Nx => 1 << 63,
+        };
+        let shift = match field {
+            Field::Present => 0,
+            Field::ReadWrite => 1,
+            Field::UserSupervisor => 2,
+            Field::WriteThrough => 3,
+            Field::CacheDisable => 4,
+            Field::Accessed => 5,
+            Field::Avl0 => 6,
+            Field::PageSize => 7,
+            Field::Avl1 => 8,
+            Field::Addr => 12,
+            Field::Nx => 63,
+        };
+
+        self.0 = (self.0 & !mask) | ((value << shift) & mask);
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_table(&self) -> bool {
+        (self.0 & (PT_FLAG_VALID | PT_FLAG_LARGE)) == PT_FLAG_VALID
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_large(&self) -> bool {
+        (self.0 & (PT_FLAG_VALID | PT_FLAG_LARGE)) == (PT_FLAG_VALID | PT_FLAG_LARGE)
+    }
+
+    pub fn vmm_flags(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.0 & (PT_FLAG_WRITE | PT_FLAG_NX)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum Field {
+    Present,
+    ReadWrite,
+    UserSupervisor,
+    WriteThrough,
+    CacheDisable,
+    Accessed,
+    Avl0,
+    PageSize,
+    Avl1,
+    Addr,
+    Nx,
+}
+
+#[repr(align(0x1000))]
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct PageDirectory {
+    pub entries: [PageTableEntry; 512],
+}
+
+impl PageDirectory {
+    pub fn get_mut_ptr(&mut self) -> *mut Self {
+        return core::ptr::addr_of_mut!(*self);
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub enum PageSize {
+    Size4KiB = 0,
+    Size2MiB,
+    Size1GiB,
+}
+
+pub fn vmm_map(
+    page_directory: &mut PageDirectory,
+    virtual_addr: usize,
+    physical_addr: usize,
+    mut flags: u64,
+    page_size: PageSize,
+) {
+    let pml5_entry: usize = (virtual_addr & ((0x1ff as u64) << 48) as usize) >> 48;
+    let pml4_entry: usize = (virtual_addr & ((0x1ff as u64) << 39) as usize) >> 39;
+    let pml3_entry: usize = (virtual_addr & ((0x1ff as u64) << 30) as usize) >> 30;
+    let pml2_entry: usize = (virtual_addr & ((0x1ff as u64) << 21) as usize) >> 21;
+    let pml1_entry: usize = (virtual_addr & ((0x1ff as u64) << 12) as usize) >> 12;
+
+    let (pml5, pml4, pml3, pml2, pml1): (
+        &mut PageDirectory,
+        &mut PageDirectory,
+        &mut PageDirectory,
+        &mut PageDirectory,
+        &mut PageDirectory,
+    );
+
+    flags |= 0x01;
+
+    match get_paging_level() {
+        limine::paging::Mode::FIVE_LEVEL => {
+            pml5 = page_directory;
+            pml4 = unsafe {
+                let ptr = get_next_level(pml5, virtual_addr, page_size, 4, pml5_entry);
+                &mut *ptr.to_higher_half().as_raw_ptr()
+            };
+        }
+        limine::paging::Mode::FOUR_LEVEL => {
+            pml4 = page_directory;
+        }
+        _ => unreachable!(),
+    }
+
+    pml3 = unsafe {
+        let ptr = get_next_level(pml4, virtual_addr, page_size, 3, pml4_entry);
+        &mut *ptr.to_higher_half().as_raw_ptr()
+    };
+
+    if page_size == PageSize::Size1GiB {
+        if is_1gib_page_supported() {
+            pml3.entries[pml3_entry] = PageTableEntry(physical_addr as u64 | flags | PT_FLAG_LARGE);
+        } else {
+            let mut i = 0;
+            while i < 0x40000000 {
+                vmm_map(
+                    page_directory,
+                    virtual_addr + i,
+                    physical_addr + i,
+                    flags,
+                    PageSize::Size2MiB,
+                );
+
+                i += 0x200000;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    pml2 = unsafe {
+        let ptr = get_next_level(pml3, virtual_addr, page_size, 2, pml3_entry);
+        &mut *ptr.to_higher_half().as_raw_ptr()
+    };
+
+    if page_size == PageSize::Size2MiB {
+        pml2.entries[pml2_entry] = PageTableEntry(physical_addr as u64 | flags | PT_FLAG_LARGE);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    pml1 = unsafe {
+        let ptr = get_next_level(pml2, virtual_addr, page_size, 1, pml2_entry);
+        &mut *ptr.to_higher_half().as_raw_ptr()
+    };
+
+    if (flags & (1 << 12)) != 0 {
+        flags &= !(1 << 12);
+        flags |= 1 << 7;
+    }
+
+    pml1.entries[pml1_entry] = PageTableEntry(physical_addr as u64 | flags);
+}
+
+static IS_1GIB_SUPPORTED: OnceCell<bool> = OnceCell::new();
+
+fn is_1gib_page_supported() -> bool {
+    if let Err(()) = IS_1GIB_SUPPORTED.get() {
+        let cpuid = unsafe { __cpuid(0x80000001) };
+
+        if (cpuid.edx & (1 << 26)) == (1 << 26) {
+            IS_1GIB_SUPPORTED.set(true);
+            crate::log!(LogLevel::Debug, "1GiB pages are supported!");
+        } else {
+            IS_1GIB_SUPPORTED.set(false);
+            crate::log!(LogLevel::Debug, "1GiB pages are not supported!");
+        }
+    }
+
+    return *IS_1GIB_SUPPORTED.get_unchecked();
+}
+
+/// Loads a new page directory and switched the Virtual Address Space
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// If the memory space has not been remapped to the HHDM before switching, this will cause Undefined Behavior.
+pub unsafe fn va_space_switch(page_directory: &mut PageDirectory) {
+    let hhdm_offset = get_hhdm_offset();
+    let kernel_virtual_base = get_kernel_address().virtual_base();
+
+    // cast so we can do easy math
+    let mut pd_ptr = page_directory.get_mut_ptr().cast::<u8>();
+
+    if pd_ptr as usize > kernel_virtual_base as usize {
+        pd_ptr = pd_ptr.sub(kernel_virtual_base as usize);
+    } else if pd_ptr as usize > hhdm_offset {
+        pd_ptr = pd_ptr.sub(hhdm_offset);
+    }
+
+    unsafe { core::arch::asm!("mov cr3, {0:r}", in(reg) pd_ptr) };
+}

src/drivers/acpi.rs

@@ -162,9 +162,7 @@ static ACPI: OnceCell<ACPI> = OnceCell::new();
 
 fn resolve_acpi() {
     let rsdp_ptr = crate::libs::limine::get_rdsp_ptr();
-    if rsdp_ptr.is_none() {
+    assert!(rsdp_ptr.is_some(), "RSDP not found!");
-        panic!("RSDP not found!");
-    }
 
     let rsdp = unsafe { &*rsdp_ptr.unwrap().cast::<RSDP>() };
 

src/drivers/fs/initramfs/mod.rs

@@ -10,16 +10,13 @@ use super::vfs::{FsOps, VNode, VNodeOperations, VNodeType};
 pub fn init() -> Squashfs<'static> {
     let initramfs = crate::libs::limine::get_module("initramfs.img");
 
-    if initramfs.is_none() {
+    assert!(initramfs.is_some(), "initramfs was not found!");
-        panic!("Initramfs was not found!");
+
-    }
     let initramfs = initramfs.unwrap();
 
     let squashfs = Squashfs::new(initramfs.addr());
 
-    if squashfs.is_err() {
+    assert!(squashfs.is_ok(), "Initramfs is corrupt!");
-        panic!("Initramfs in corrupt!");
-    }
 
     let squashfs = squashfs.unwrap();
 

src/drivers/fs/vfs.rs

@@ -86,9 +86,7 @@ impl Vfs {
     }
 
     pub fn mount(&mut self, path: &str) {
-        if self.fs.is_none() {
+        assert!(self.fs.is_some(), "FsOps is null!");
-            panic!("FsOps is null");
-        }
 
         let vfsp = self.as_ptr();
 
@@ -100,9 +98,7 @@ impl Vfs {
     }
 
     pub fn unmount(&mut self) {
-        if self.fs.is_none() {
+        assert!(self.fs.is_some(), "FsOps is null!");
-            panic!("FsOps is null");
-        }
 
         let vfsp = self.as_ptr();
 
@@ -110,9 +106,7 @@ impl Vfs {
     }
 
     pub fn root(&mut self) -> VNode {
-        if self.fs.is_none() {
+        assert!(self.fs.is_some(), "FsOps is null!");
-            panic!("FsOps is null");
-        }
 
         let vfsp = self.as_ptr();
 
@@ -120,9 +114,7 @@ impl Vfs {
     }
 
     pub fn statfs(&mut self) -> StatFs {
-        if self.fs.is_none() {
+        assert!(self.fs.is_some(), "FsOps is null!");
-            panic!("FsOps is null");
-        }
 
         let vfsp = self.as_ptr();
 
@@ -130,9 +122,7 @@ impl Vfs {
     }
 
     pub fn sync(&mut self) {
-        if self.fs.is_none() {
+        assert!(self.fs.is_some(), "FsOps is null!");
-            panic!("FsOps is null");
-        }
 
         let vfsp = self.as_ptr();
 
@@ -140,9 +130,7 @@ impl Vfs {
     }
 
     pub fn fid(&mut self, path: &str) -> Option<FileId> {
-        if self.fs.is_none() {
+        assert!(self.fs.is_some(), "FsOps is null!");
-            panic!("FsOps is null");
-        }
 
         let vfsp = self.as_ptr();
 
@@ -150,9 +138,7 @@ impl Vfs {
     }
 
     pub fn vget(&mut self, fid: FileId) -> VNode {
-        if self.fs.is_none() {
+        assert!(self.fs.is_some(), "FsOps is null!");
-            panic!("FsOps is null");
-        }
 
         let vfsp = self.as_ptr();
 

src/drivers/storage/ide.rs

@@ -588,15 +588,14 @@ fn ide_initialize(bar0: u32, bar1: u32, _bar2: u32, _bar3: u32, _bar4: u32) {
 
         let mbr_sector: MBR = (*drive.read(0, 1).expect("Failed to read first sector")).into();
 
-        if u16::from_le_bytes(mbr_sector.signature) != 0xAA55 {
+        assert_eq!(u16::from_le_bytes(mbr_sector.signature), 0xAA55);
-            panic!("MBR is corrupted!");
-        }
 
         let mbr_partitions = mbr_sector.partitions();
 
-        if mbr_partitions[0].partition_type != 0xEE {
+        assert_eq!(
-            panic!("MBR disks are unsupported")
+            mbr_partitions[0].partition_type, 0xEE,
-        }
+            "MBR disks are unsupported!"
+        );
 
         let gpt_sector = drive.read(1, 1).expect("Failed to read sector 2");
 

src/libs/gzip.rs

@@ -144,9 +144,11 @@ impl InflateContext {
     pub fn get_bit(&mut self) -> bool {
         if self.bit_index == 8 {
             self.input_buf.remove(0);
-            if self.input_buf.is_empty() {
+            assert!(
-                panic!("Not enough data! {:X?}", self.output_buf);
+                !self.input_buf.is_empty(),
-            }
+                "Not enough data! {:X?}",
+                self.output_buf
+            );
 
             self.bit_index = 0;
         }

src/libs/limine.rs

@@ -57,10 +57,7 @@ static PAGING_REQUEST: limine::request::PagingModeRequest =
     limine::request::PagingModeRequest::new();
 
 pub fn get_module<'a>(module_name: &str) -> Option<&'a File> {
-    if MODULE_REQUEST.get_response().is_none() {
+    let module_response = MODULE_REQUEST.get_response()?;
-        panic!("Module request in none!");
-    }
-    let module_response = MODULE_REQUEST.get_response().unwrap();
 
     let mut file = None;
 

src/main.rs

@@ -138,9 +138,7 @@ fn draw_gradient() {
 
     let buffer_ptr = crate::mem::pmm::pmm_alloc(pages).to_higher_half();
 
-    if buffer_ptr.is_null() {
+    assert!(!buffer_ptr.is_null(), "Failed to allocate screen buffer!");
-        panic!("Failed to allocate screen buffer")
-    }
 
     let buffer =
         unsafe { core::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(buffer_ptr.cast::<u32>().as_raw_ptr(), length) };

src/mem/vmm.rs

@@ -1,124 +1,17 @@
-use core::arch::x86_64::__cpuid;
-
 use limine::memory_map::EntryType;
 
-use crate::libs::{
+use crate::{
-    cell::OnceCell,
+    arch::paging::{
-    limine::{get_hhdm_offset, get_kernel_address, get_memmap, get_paging_level},
+        va_space_switch, vmm_map, PageDirectory, PageSize, PageTableEntry, PT_TABLE_FLAGS,
+    },
+    libs::limine::{get_hhdm_offset, get_kernel_address, get_memmap},
 };
 
 use super::{align_down, align_up, pmm::pmm_alloc, PhysicalPtr};
 
-const PT_FLAG_VALID: u64 = 1 << 0;
+const VMM_FLAG_WRITE: u64 = 1 << 1;
-const PT_FLAG_WRITE: u64 = 1 << 1;
+const VMM_FLAG_NOEXEC: u64 = 1 << 63;
-const PT_FLAG_USER: u64 = 1 << 2;
+const VMM_FLAG_FB: u64 = 1 << 3 | 1 << 12;
-const PT_FLAG_LARGE: u64 = 1 << 7;
-const PT_FLAG_NX: u64 = 1 << 63;
-const PT_PADDR_MASK: u64 = 0x0000_FFFF_FFFF_F000;
-
-const PT_TABLE_FLAGS: u64 = PT_FLAG_VALID | PT_FLAG_WRITE | PT_FLAG_USER;
-
-// I know it's literally 8 bytes, but... fight me
-#[derive(Clone)]
-#[repr(transparent)]
-pub struct PageTableEntry(u64);
-
-impl PageTableEntry {
-    pub fn new(addr: u64, flags: u64) -> Self {
-        Self(addr | flags)
-    }
-
-    pub fn addr(&self) -> u64 {
-        self.0 & PT_PADDR_MASK
-    }
-
-    // TODO: probably a more elegant way to do this
-    pub fn get_field(&self, field: Field) -> u64 {
-        match field {
-            Field::Present => (self.0 >> 0) & 1,
-            Field::ReadWrite => (self.0 >> 1) & 1,
-            Field::UserSupervisor => (self.0 >> 2) & 1,
-            Field::WriteThrough => (self.0 >> 3) & 1,
-            Field::CacheDisable => (self.0 >> 4) & 1,
-            Field::Accessed => (self.0 >> 5) & 1,
-            Field::Avl0 => (self.0 >> 6) & 1,
-            Field::PageSize => (self.0 >> 7) & 1,
-            Field::Avl1 => (self.0 >> 8) & 0xF,
-            Field::Addr => (self.0 >> 12) & 0x000F_FFFF_FFFF_FFFF,
-            Field::Nx => (self.0 >> 63) & 1,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_field(&mut self, field: Field, value: u64) {
-        let mask = match field {
-            Field::Present => 1 << 0,
-            Field::ReadWrite => 1 << 1,
-            Field::UserSupervisor => 1 << 2,
-            Field::WriteThrough => 1 << 3,
-            Field::CacheDisable => 1 << 4,
-            Field::Accessed => 1 << 5,
-            Field::Avl0 => 1 << 6,
-            Field::PageSize => 1 << 7,
-            Field::Avl1 => 0xF << 8,
-            Field::Addr => 0x000F_FFFF_FFFF_FFFF << 12,
-            Field::Nx => 1 << 63,
-        };
-        let shift = match field {
-            Field::Present => 0,
-            Field::ReadWrite => 1,
-            Field::UserSupervisor => 2,
-            Field::WriteThrough => 3,
-            Field::CacheDisable => 4,
-            Field::Accessed => 5,
-            Field::Avl0 => 6,
-            Field::PageSize => 7,
-            Field::Avl1 => 8,
-            Field::Addr => 12,
-            Field::Nx => 63,
-        };
-
-        self.0 = (self.0 & !mask) | ((value << shift) & mask);
-    }
-
-    fn is_table(&self) -> bool {
-        (self.0 & (PT_FLAG_VALID | PT_FLAG_LARGE)) == PT_FLAG_VALID
-    }
-
-    fn is_large(&self) -> bool {
-        (self.0 & (PT_FLAG_VALID | PT_FLAG_LARGE)) == (PT_FLAG_VALID | PT_FLAG_LARGE)
-    }
-
-    fn vmm_flags(&self) -> u64 {
-        self.0 & (PT_FLAG_WRITE | PT_FLAG_NX)
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
-pub enum Field {
-    Present,
-    ReadWrite,
-    UserSupervisor,
-    WriteThrough,
-    CacheDisable,
-    Accessed,
-    Avl0,
-    PageSize,
-    Avl1,
-    Addr,
-    Nx,
-}
-
-#[repr(align(0x1000))]
-#[repr(C)]
-pub struct PageDirectory {
-    entries: [PageTableEntry; 512],
-}
-
-impl PageDirectory {
-    pub fn get_mut_ptr(&mut self) -> *mut Self {
-        return core::ptr::addr_of_mut!(*self);
-    }
-}
 
 pub static PAGE_SIZES: [u64; 5] = [0x1000, 0x200000, 0x40000000, 0x8000000000, 0x1000000000000];
 
@@ -140,7 +33,7 @@ pub fn vmm_init() {
             page_directory,
             i + get_hhdm_offset(),
             i,
-            PT_FLAG_WRITE,
+            VMM_FLAG_WRITE,
             PageSize::Size1GiB,
         );
 
@@ -223,100 +116,7 @@ pub fn get_kernel_pdpt() -> &'static mut PageDirectory {
     return unsafe { &mut *KENREL_PAGE_DIRECTORY };
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub fn get_next_level(
-pub enum PageSize {
-    Size4KiB = 0,
-    Size2MiB,
-    Size1GiB,
-}
-
-pub fn vmm_map(
-    page_directory: &mut PageDirectory,
-    virtual_addr: usize,
-    physical_addr: usize,
-    mut flags: u64,
-    page_size: PageSize,
-) {
-    let pml5_entry: usize = (virtual_addr & ((0x1ff as u64) << 48) as usize) >> 48;
-    let pml4_entry: usize = (virtual_addr & ((0x1ff as u64) << 39) as usize) >> 39;
-    let pml3_entry: usize = (virtual_addr & ((0x1ff as u64) << 30) as usize) >> 30;
-    let pml2_entry: usize = (virtual_addr & ((0x1ff as u64) << 21) as usize) >> 21;
-    let pml1_entry: usize = (virtual_addr & ((0x1ff as u64) << 12) as usize) >> 12;
-
-    let (pml5, pml4, pml3, pml2, pml1): (
-        &mut PageDirectory,
-        &mut PageDirectory,
-        &mut PageDirectory,
-        &mut PageDirectory,
-        &mut PageDirectory,
-    );
-
-    flags |= 0x01;
-
-    match get_paging_level() {
-        limine::paging::Mode::FIVE_LEVEL => {
-            pml5 = page_directory;
-            pml4 = unsafe {
-                let ptr = get_next_level(pml5, virtual_addr, page_size, 4, pml5_entry);
-                &mut *ptr.to_higher_half().as_raw_ptr()
-            };
-        }
-        limine::paging::Mode::FOUR_LEVEL => {
-            pml4 = page_directory;
-        }
-        _ => unreachable!(),
-    }
-
-    pml3 = unsafe {
-        let ptr = get_next_level(pml4, virtual_addr, page_size, 3, pml4_entry);
-        &mut *ptr.to_higher_half().as_raw_ptr()
-    };
-
-    if page_size == PageSize::Size1GiB {
-        if is_1gib_page_supported() {
-            pml3.entries[pml3_entry] = PageTableEntry(physical_addr as u64 | flags | PT_FLAG_LARGE);
-        } else {
-            let mut i = 0;
-            while i < 0x40000000 {
-                vmm_map(
-                    page_directory,
-                    virtual_addr + i,
-                    physical_addr + i,
-                    flags,
-                    PageSize::Size2MiB,
-                );
-
-                i += 0x200000;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return;
-    }
-
-    pml2 = unsafe {
-        let ptr = get_next_level(pml3, virtual_addr, page_size, 2, pml3_entry);
-        &mut *ptr.to_higher_half().as_raw_ptr()
-    };
-
-    if page_size == PageSize::Size2MiB {
-        pml2.entries[pml2_entry] = PageTableEntry(physical_addr as u64 | flags | PT_FLAG_LARGE);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    pml1 = unsafe {
-        let ptr = get_next_level(pml2, virtual_addr, page_size, 1, pml2_entry);
-        &mut *ptr.to_higher_half().as_raw_ptr()
-    };
-
-    if (flags & (1 << 12)) != 0 {
-        flags &= !(1 << 12);
-        flags |= 1 << 7;
-    }
-
-    pml1.entries[pml1_entry] = PageTableEntry(physical_addr as u64 | flags);
-}
-
-fn get_next_level(
     page_directory: &mut PageDirectory,
     virtual_addr: usize,
     desired_size: PageSize,
@@ -331,12 +131,7 @@ fn get_next_level(
         if page_directory.entries[entry].is_large() {
             // We are replacing an existing large page with a smaller page
 
-            if (level >= 3) || (level == 0) {
+            assert!(level <= 3 && level != 0, "Unexpected level!");
-                panic!("Unexpected level!");
-            }
-            if desired_size as usize >= 3 {
-                panic!("Unexpected page size!");
-            }
 
             let old_page_size = PAGE_SIZES[level];
             let new_page_size = PAGE_SIZES[desired_size as usize];
@@ -346,12 +141,11 @@ fn get_next_level(
             let old_phys = page_directory.entries[entry].addr();
             let old_virt = virtual_addr as u64 & !(old_page_size - 1);
 
-            if (old_phys & (old_page_size - 1)) != 0 {
+            assert_eq!(
-                panic!(
+                old_phys & (old_page_size - 1),
-                    "Unexpected page table entry address! {:X} {:X}",
+                0,
-                    old_phys, old_page_size
+                "Unexpected page table entry address!"
-                );
+            );
-            }
 
             ret = pmm_alloc(1).cast::<PageDirectory>();
             page_directory.entries[entry] = PageTableEntry::new(ret.addr() as u64, PT_TABLE_FLAGS);
@@ -376,55 +170,3 @@ fn get_next_level(
 
     return ret;
 }
-
-static IS_1GIB_SUPPORTED: OnceCell<bool> = OnceCell::new();
-
-fn is_1gib_page_supported() -> bool {
-    if let Err(()) = IS_1GIB_SUPPORTED.get() {
-        let cpuid = unsafe { __cpuid(0x80000001) };
-
-        if (cpuid.edx & (1 << 26)) == (1 << 26) {
-            IS_1GIB_SUPPORTED.set(true);
-            crate::println!("1GiB is supported!");
-        } else {
-            IS_1GIB_SUPPORTED.set(false);
-            crate::println!("1GiB is not supported!");
-        }
-    }
-
-    return *IS_1GIB_SUPPORTED.get_unchecked();
-}
-
-/// Loads a new page directory and switched the Virtual Address Space
-///
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// If the memory space has not been remapped to the HHDM before switching, this will cause Undefined Behavior.
-unsafe fn va_space_switch(page_directory: &mut PageDirectory) {
-    let hhdm_offset = get_hhdm_offset();
-    let kernel_virtual_base = get_kernel_address().virtual_base();
-
-    // cast so we can do easy math
-    let mut pd_ptr = page_directory.get_mut_ptr().cast::<u8>();
-
-    if pd_ptr as usize > kernel_virtual_base as usize {
-        pd_ptr = pd_ptr.sub(kernel_virtual_base as usize);
-    } else if pd_ptr as usize > hhdm_offset {
-        pd_ptr = pd_ptr.sub(hhdm_offset);
-    }
-
-    crate::println!("SWITCHING VA SPACE {pd_ptr:p}");
-    crate::println!("HHDM_OFFSET: {hhdm_offset:#x}");
-    crate::println!("KERNEL_VIRTUAL_BASE: {kernel_virtual_base:#x}");
-    crate::println!("Page directory virtual address: {pd_ptr:p}");
-
-    assert_eq!(
-        pd_ptr as usize % 0x1000,
-        0,
-        "Page directory pointer is not aligned"
-    );
-
-    unsafe { core::arch::asm!("mov cr3, {0:r}", in(reg) pd_ptr) };
-
-    crate::println!("waa");
-}